Revitalisasi Tembang Teks Sastra Bali Tradisional dalam Ranah Ritual dan Digital

I Nyoman Darma Putra; Ida Ayu Laksmita Sari

doi:10.24257/atavisme.v22i1.541.32-46

Revitalisasi Tembang Teks Sastra Bali Tradisional dalam Ranah Ritual dan Digital

I Nyoman Darma Putra^(1*), Ida Ayu Laksmita Sari⁽²⁾

(1) Prodi Sastra Indonesia, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Udayana (Scopus Id=24741071600)
(2) Prodi Sastra Jepang, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Udayana
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

There has been a concern that textual singing tradition (kidung) may disappear along with the advancement of information and communication technology. This paper aims to examine the metamorphosis of kidung from the ritual realm to the digital domain which is the basis of today's electronic mass media. Data were collected with ethnographic method and interviews with enthusiasts and audiences of kidung as well as with managing of electronic mass media. Recording method was used to record the interactive kidung programme in Radio and TV. The data were examined by transformation media and globalization theory. The study began with a description of the metamorphosis of kidung from the ritual realm to digital, enthusiasts and audiences, as well as the future of the kidung cultural heritage in the digital era. The result shows that the transformation of kidung from the ritual to the digital domain is a revitalization process that makes this tradition increasingly lively, not vanishing as it has been feared. In addition, the tradition of the kidung which was originally dominated by the older generation, has also been able to attract younger generation who present it through digital-based social media such as Facebook and YouTube so that it can be enjoyed by Balinese diaspora.

Keywords

textual singing traditons, balinese literature, ritual realm, digital realm

Full Text:

PDF

References

Barker, C. (1999). Television, Globalization, and Cultural Identities. Buckhingham: Open University.

Bhadra, I.W. (1937). Het ‘Mabasan’ of de Beoefening van het Oud-Javaansch op Bali [‘Mabasan’ and the Study of Old Javanese in Bali]. Mededelingen van de KirtyaLiefrinck-van der Tuuk, 5, (Supplement).

Budiman, M. (2012). “Masa Depan Humaniora dan Kajian Alih Wahana”. Dalam Sapardi Djoko Damono, Alih Wahana, i-vi. Jakarta: Editum.

Camplung, L. (2003). Caraken Tingkeb Pasuwiteran Dagang Gantal RRI Denpasar Pelestari Budaya Bali. Denpasar: RRI Denpasar.

Creese, H. (2009). Singing the Text: On-Air Textual Interpretation in Bali. In J. van der Putten and M.K. Cody (Eds.), Lost Times and Untold Tales from the Malay World, 210–226. Singapore: Singapore University Press.

Damono, S. D. (2012). Alih Wahana. Jakarta: Editum.

Granoka, I. W. O. (1981). “Pikenoh Basa Bali Sajeroning Mabebasan Manut Tinjoan Teoritis”. Denpasar: Panitia Pelaksana Pesta Kesenian Bali.

Hill, D. and K. Sen (2005). The Internet in Indonesia’s New Democracy. Lon-don: Routledge.

Jendra, I.W. (Ed.). (1979). “Kehidupan Mababasan di Kabupaten Badung”. Denpasar: Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Jawa Kuna, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Udayana.

Jurriëns, E. (2006). Radio Awards and the Dialogic Contestation of Indonesian Journalism. Indonesia and the Malay World, 34 (99), 119–49 (doi: 10.1080/13639810600832525).

Jurriëns, E. (2007). Indonesian Radio Culture: Modes of Address, Fields of Action. Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairs, 41 (1), 33–70.

Kitley, P. (2000). Television, Nation, and Culture in Indonesia. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press.

Manda, I. N. (2002). Basa Bali Pinaka Sarana Ngawerdiang Sastra Baline. Dalam Ida Bagus Darmasuta, I Nyoman Argawa and NL Partami (Eds.), Kumpulan Makalah Kongres Bahasa Bali V, 184–200. Denpasar: Balai Bahasa Denpasar.

Murchison, J.M. (2010). Ethnography Essentials: Designing, Conducting, and Presenting Your Research. San Fransisco: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Putra, I.N.D. & H. Creese. (2012). More Than Just ‘Numpang Nampang’: Women’s Participation in Interactive Textual Singing on Balinese Radio and Television. Indonesia and the Malay World, 40, 118, 272-297

Putra, I. N. D. (1998). Kesenian Bali di Panggung Elektronik: Perbandingan Acara Apresiasi Budaya RRI dan TVRI Denpasar. Mudra, 6, 18–42.

Putra, I.N.D. (2009). ‘Kidung Interaktif’: Vocalising and Interpreting Traditional Literature Through Electronic Mass Media in Bali. Indonesia and the Malay World, 37 (109), 249–76.

Rai Putra, I. B. (2002). Susastra Bali Miwah Kahananipun. Dalam Ida Bagus Darmasuta, I Nyoman Argawa, dan NL Partami (Eds.), Kumpulan Maka-lah Kongres Bahasa Bali V, 264-275. Denpasar: Balai Bahasa Denpasar.

Sen, K and Hill, D. (2000). Media, Culture and Politics in Indonesia. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.

Robson, S. (1972). “The Kawi Classics in Bali”, Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 128 (2/3), 308–29.

Rubinstein, R. (1993). Pepaosan: Chal-lenges and Change. In Danker Schaareman (Ed.), Balinese Music in Context: A Sixty-fifth Birthday Tribute to Hans Oesch, pp. 85–113. Winterthur: Amadeus Verlag.

Rubinstein, R. (2000). Beyond the Realm of the Senses: The Balinese Ritual of Kakawin Composition. Leiden: KITLV Press.

Suardiana, I.W. (2015). “Kidung Inter-aktif sebagai Transmisi Nilai-nilai Budaya Bali: Studi Seni Magegitaan Lewat Radio di Buleleng, Bali Utara”, dalam I Nyoman Kutha Ratna (Ed.) Ragam Wacana; Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya, 873-884. Yogyakarta: Pus-taka Pelajar.

Suardiana, I.W. (2012). “Kidung Interaktif’ sebagai Salah Satu Media Pemertahanan Bahasa Bali Lewat Ranah Modern”, Makalah Disampaikan pada International Conference on ‘Bali in Global Asia: Between Modernization and Heritage Formation, Denpasar, IIAS, KITLV, Georg-August-University, Gottingen, Universitas Udayana, 16-18 July 2012.

Suryadi. (2005). Identity, Media and the Margins: Radio in Pekanbaru, Riau (Indonesia). Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 36 (1), 131–51 (doi: 10.1017/S00224634000068).

Suryadi. (2009). Teknologi, Modernitas, dan Zaman ‘Pantjaroba’: Representasi Radio dalam Dua Roman Indonesia di Akhir Zaman Kolonial. Humaniora, 21 (2), 223-243 (doi: 10.22146/jh.v21i2.1329)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24257/atavisme.v22i1.541.32-46