Potret Ketimpangan Sosial dalam Teks-Teks Sastra Indonesia Mutakhir

Abstract

Tulisan ini membicarakan bagaimanakah fenomena ketimpangan sosial digambarkan dalam teks-teks sastra Indonesia mutakhir dan relasi antara potret ketimpangan sosial tersebut dengan realitas. Untuk menjawab dua persoalan tersebut digunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra dan semiotika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di antara ketiga teks sastra yang diteliti, yakni “Sajak Burung-Burung Kondor”, teks drama Konglomerat Burisrawa, dan novel Larung sebagai representasi teks-teks sastra Indonesia mutakhir terdapat benang merah tematik, yakni fenomena ketimpangan sosial. Fenomena ketimpangan sosial dalam “Sajak Burung-Burung Kondor” disampaikan secara langsung dengan mengoposisikan perbedaan nasib yang dialami oleh dua kelas sosial. Fenomena ketimpangan sosial dalam Konglomerat Burisrawa disampaikan dalam bentuk komedi satir yang tidak bersifat langsung. Fenomena ketimpangan sosial dalam Larung disampaikan untuk memperkuat ilustrasi cerita utama yang berfokus pada kisah-kisah romantik dan epik tokoh-tokohnya dalam memperjuangkan prinsip-prinsip hidup. Makna atas penggambaran fenomena ketimpangan sosial dalam ketiga teks sastra tersebut adalah sebagai refleksi literer atas fakta sosial yang ada.

Abstract:
This paper will discuss two main issues of how the phenomenon of social inequality depicted in the Indonesian literary texts to date and the relationship between the portrait of social inequality with current realities. To answer there two questions, the sociology of literature and semiotics are used. Results show that among the three literary texts studied, namely the “Burung-Burung Kondor Rhyme”, dramatic text of Konglomerat Burisrawa, and novel Larung as a representation of Indonesian literary texts there are advanced thematic thread about the phenomenon of social inequality. The phenomenon of social inequality in the “Rhyme of Burung-Burung Kondor” is communicated directly by contrasting it with the fate differences experienced by these two social classes. The phenomenon of social inequality in the Konglomerat Burisawa is delivered in the form of indirect satirical comedy. The phenomenon of social inequality in Larung is made to strengthen the illustrations of feature stories that focus on romantic stories and the characters in the epic fight for the principles of life. The meaning of the depiction of social inequality in all three phenomena of literary text above is a literal reflection of existing social facts.

Key Words: testimony, social inequality, sociology of literature